NCC 2016 Volume One
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Part J6 Artificial Lighting and Power
J6.0 Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions
(a)
Where a Deemed-to-Satisfy Solution is proposed, Performance RequirementsJP1 and JP3 are satisfied by complying with—
(b)
Where a Performance Solution is proposed, the relevant Performance Requirements must be determined in accordance with A0.7.
Intent
To clarify that and will be satisfied if compliance is achieved with to .
See comments for Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions of .
J6.1 Application of Part
J6.2, J6.3 and J6.5(a)(ii) do not apply to a Class 8 electricity network substation.
, , and do not apply to Class 8 electricity network substations. The safety of workers requires manual lighting controls for inspection and maintenance activities of hazardous high voltage equipment.
J6.2 Artificial lighting
(a)
In a sole-occupancy unit of a Class 2 building or a Class 4 part of a building—
(i)
the lamp power density or illumination power density of artificial lighting must not exceed the allowance of—
(A)
5 W/m2 within a sole-occupancy unit; and
(B)
4 W/m2 on a verandah, balcony or the like attached to a sole-occupancy unit; and
(ii)
the illumination power density allowance in (i) may be increased by dividing it by the illumination power density adjustment factor for a control device in Table J6.2b as applicable; and
(iii)
when designing the lamp power density or illumination power density, the power of the proposed installation must be used rather than nominal allowances for exposed batten holders or luminaires; and
(iv)
halogen lamps must be separately switched from fluorescent lamps.
(b)
In a building other than a sole-occupancy unit of a Class 2 building or a Class 4 part of a building—
(i)
for artificial lighting, the aggregate design illumination power load must not exceed the sum of the allowances obtained by multiplying the area of each space by the maximum illumination power density in Table J6.2a; and
(ii)
the aggregate design illumination power load in (i) is the sum of the design illumination power loads in each of the spaces served; and
(iii)
in determining the design illumination power load for (ii) the following must be used:
(A)
Where there are multiple lighting systems serving the same space—
(aa)
the total illumination power load of all systems; or
(bb)
for a control system that permits only one system to operate at a time, the design illumination power load is—
(AA)
based on the highest illumination power load; or
(BB)
determined by the formula—
| [H x T/2 + P x (100 - T/2)] / 100 | |
| Where: | |
| H = | the highest illumination power load; and |
| T = | the time for which the maximum illumination power load will occur, expressed as a percentage; and |
| P= | the predominant illumination power load. |
(B)
Where there is adjustable position lighting such as trapeze lighting or track lighting other than trunking systems that accept fluorescent lamps—
(aa)
the rating of the circuit breaker protecting the track; or
(bb)
of extra low voltage, 80% of the power rating of the transformer; or
(cc)
of mains voltage, 100 W per metre of track.
(c)
The requirements of (a) and (b) do not apply to the following:
(i)
Emergency lighting in accordance with Part E4.
(ii)
Signage and display lighting within cabinets and display cases that are fixed in place.
(iii)
Lighting for accommodation within the residential part of a detention centre.
(iv)
A heater where the heater also emits light, such as in bathrooms.
(v)
Lighting of a specialist process nature such as in an operating theatre, fume cupboard or clean workstation.
(vi)
Lighting of performances such as theatrical or sporting.
(vii)
Lighting for the permanent display and preservation of works of art or objects in a museum or gallery other than for retail sale, purchase or auction.
Table J6.2a MAXIMUM ILLUMINATION POWER DENSITY
| Space | Maximum illumination power density (W/m2) |
|---|---|
| Auditorium, church and public hall | 10 |
| Board room and conference room | 10 |
| Carpark - general | 6 |
| Carpark - entry zone (first 20 m of travel) | 25 |
| Common rooms, spaces and corridors in a Class 2 building | 8 |
| Control room, switch room, and the like | 9 |
| Corridors | 8 |
| Courtroom | 12 |
| Dormitory of a Class 3 building used for sleeping only | 6 |
| Dormitory of a Class 3 building used for sleeping and study | 9 |
| Entry lobby from outside the building | 15 |
| Health-care - children's ward | 10 |
| Health-care - examination room | 10 |
| Health-care - patient ward | 7 |
| Health-care - all patient care areas including corridors where cyanosis lamps are used | 13 |
| Kitchen and food preparation area | 8 |
| Laboratory - artificially lit to an ambient level of 400 lx or more | 12 |
| Library - stack and shelving area | 12 |
| Library - reading room and general areas | 10 |
| Lounge area for communal use in a Class 3 or 9c building | 10 |
| Museum and gallery - circulation, cleaning and service lighting | 8 |
| Office - artificially lit to an ambient level of 200 lx or more | 9 |
| Office - artificially lit to an ambient level of less than 200 lx | 7 |
| Plant room | 5 |
| Restaurant, café, bar, hotel lounge and a space for the serving and consumption of food or drinks | 18 |
| Retail space including a museum and gallery whose purpose is the sale of objects | 22 |
| School - general purpose learning areas and tutorial rooms | 8 |
| Sole-occupancy unit of a Class 3 building | 5 |
| Sole-occupancy unit of a Class 9c building | 7 |
| Storage with shelving no higher than 75% of the height of the aisle lighting | 8 |
| Storage with shelving higher than 75% of the height of the aisle lighting | 10 |
| Service area, cleaner's room and the like | 5 |
| Toilet, locker room, staff room, rest room and the like | 6 |
| Wholesale storage and display area | 10 |
|
Notes:
|
|
Table J6.2b ILLUMINATION POWER DENSITY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR FOR A CONTROL DEVICE
| Item | Description | Illumination power density adjustment factor |
|---|---|---|
| Lighting timer in accordance with Specification J6 | For corridor lighting | 0.7 |
| Motion detector in accordance with Specification J6 |
|
0.9 |
|
0.7 | |
|
0.55 | |
| Manual dimming systemNote 1 |
|
0.95 |
|
0.85 | |
| Programmable dimming system Note 2 | Where at least 75% of the area of a space is controlled by programmable dimmers. | 0.85 |
| Dynamic dimming system Note 3 | Automatic compensation for lumen depreciation. |
The design lumen depreciation factor of not less than—
|
| Fixed dimming Note 4 | Where at least 75% of the area is controlled by fixed dimmers that reduce the overall lighting level and the power consumption of the lighting. | % of full power to which the dimmer is set divided by 0.95. |
| Daylight sensor and dynamic lighting control device in accordance with Specification J6 – dimmed or stepped switching of lights adjacent windows |
|
0.5 Note 5 |
|
0.6 Note 5 | |
|
Notes:
|
||
Intent
To set the minimum requirements for the level of interior artificial lighting.
There are two approaches available for the sole-occupancy units of residential buildings in . They are a lamp power density approach or an illumination power density approach. The former is simpler while the latter provides considerably more flexibility for a dwelling with sophisticated lighting control systems. 5 W/m2 for inside a dwelling is the criterion in both approaches.
Lamp power density is the simpler means of setting energy consumption at an efficient level for sole-occupancy units of Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part of a building. It is a defined term and is calculated by adding the maximum power ratings of all the permanently wired lamps in a space and dividing this sum by the area of the space. With this approach there are no concessions for using timers, motion detectors or other control devices.
If the illumination power density approach is used the 5 W/m2 can be increased by dividing it by the illumination power density adjustment factor in Table 6.2b where applicable. This more complex approach has been included as an increasing number of dwellings are using sophisticated control systems in order to reduce their energy consumption.
Lamps plugged into general purpose socket outlets are excluded through the definition of lamp power density and illumination power density because of the difficulty in regulating such portable appliances.
When illumination power density and one or more control devices are used, the adjustment factor is only applied to the space(s) served by the control device. The adjusted allowance for this space is then combined with the allowances for the remaining spaces using an area weighted average, which subsequently increases the allowance provided in or .
The area of the space refers to the area the lights serve. This could be considered a single room, open plan space, verandah, balcony or the like, or the total area of all these spaces.
To comply with , the design lamp power density or design illumination power density must be less than or equal to the allowance. Trading of allowances between and is not permitted.
includes outdoor living spaces such as verandahs, balconies, patios, alfresco spaces or the like that are attached to a sole-occupancy unit of a Class 2 building or Class 4 part of a building.
requires the power of the proposed installation to be used and may mean the light fittings be specified or some other administrative condition be applied.
requires the less efficient halogen lamps to be separately switched from fluorescent lamps. This is because the halogens may not be needed all the time but would have to be on if they were controlled by the same switch as the more efficient fluorescent.
- Buildings except for sole-occupancy units of Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 partcovers other building classifications. Requirements for these types of buildings are more detailed than the requirements for sole-occupancy units of Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part, in order to cater for the greater range of applications.
Where lamp power density or illumination power density may be used for sole-occupancy units in Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part of a building, only illumination power density (IPD) can be used to measure compliance for all other applications.
Lighting in non-residential commercial buildings is progressively moving towards the use of fluorescent lamps for general lighting and metal halide lamps for special lighting. At present other lamps are available, but because of the shift to fluorescent lamps for general lighting, the illumination power density levels in have been developed for fluorescent lamps and fittings. The aggregated design illumination load is the maximum load in the lamp’s operational cycle.
describes the process for determining the illumination power allowance for artificial lighting, however it does not apply to the sole-occupancy units of a Class 2 building or a Class 4 part of a building.
Illumination power density valuesThe maximum values in have been derived on the basis of a lighting design complying with the recommendations of AS 1680 for the nature of the task, including an allowance for a safety margin in design and the physical limitation of placing a discrete number of fittings in a uniform array. The maintained illuminance will be designed to suit the use of the area and again is based on the illuminance levels in AS 1680 or an equivalent document from an overseas standards organisation. However, the levels are not being controlled by of the BCA; only the power allowance for achieving the desired illuminance.
The following table shows how some of the illumination power density values correspond to the lighting levels of AS 1680.
The allowance is for the power supply to the lighting.
The values have been generally set at a level that can be achieved with reasonable surface reflectances, high efficacy light sources, low loss control gear and high efficiency luminaires. However, the use of the space has also been taken into account. For example, the illuminance power density of a restaurant is 18 W/m2 as against the kitchen for the same restaurant at 8 W/m2. This enables the type of fittings to be used in the restaurant that provides the desired ambience.
There are two levels for offices. General open areas that are lit to more than 200 lx may use 9 W/m2. For offices lit to less than 200 lx, where task lighting is intended to supplement the general lighting, the maximum for the general lighting is only 7 W/m2.
Where an application is not specifically listed in , note 1 to the table provides values based on the illuminance level.
| Location | AS 1680 recommended illumanance, lx | Maximum illumination power density W/m2 | Lumens/Watt |
|---|---|---|---|
| Auditorium, church and public hall | 160 | 10 | 16 |
| Board room and conference room | 240 | 10 | 24 |
| Carpark - general | 40 | 6 | 7 |
| Carpark – entry zone (first 20 m of travel) | 800 | 25 | 32 |
| Control room, switch room, and the like | 160 | 9 | 18 |
| Courtroom | 320 | 12 | 27 |
| Entry lobby | 160 | 15 | 11 |
| Health-care – examination room | 400 | 10 | 40 |
| Health-care – patient ward | 240 | 7 | 34 |
| Health-care – children’s ward | 240 | 10 | 24 |
| Kitchen and food preparation areas | 240 | 8 | 30 |
| Laboratory - lit to 400 lx or more | 400 | 12 | 33 |
| Library – general | 240 | 12 | 20 |
| Library – reading room | 320 | 10 | 32 |
| Museum and gallery - circulation, cleaning and service lighting | 240 | 8 | 30 |
| Office – artificially lit to an ambient level of 200 lx or more | 320 | 9 | 36 |
| Office – artificially lit to an ambient level of <200 lx | 160 | 7 | 23 |
| Plant room | 80 | 5 | 16 |
| Toilet | 80 | 6 | 16 |
| Restaurant, café, bar, hotel lounge etc | 80 | 18 | 4.5 |
| Retail space including a museum and gallery that sell art objects | 160 | 22 | 8 |
| School - General purpose learning area | 320 | 8 | 40 |
| Storage, shelving no higher than 75% of the height of aisle lighting | 160 | 8 | 20 |
| Storage, shelving higher than 75% of the height of aisle lighting | 160 | 10 | 16 |
| Service area, cleaners room and the like | 80 | 5 | 16 |
| Wholesale storage and display area | 320 | 10 | 32 |
It is recognised that there are many variables in lighting that limit the ability to achieve the maximum illumination power density. One is the size of the room and so note 3 of explains how the illumination power density may be increased for small rooms. A further series of adjustment factors have been included in that allow credit for additional energy control devices.
The adjustment factors are applied to the maximum illumination power density in . This means that if a designer chooses to use a less efficient light source or luminaire, compliance can be achieved by the use of a supplementary control device such as an occupancy sensor or photoelectric device.
Occupancy sensors represent an efficient way of tailoring the lighting to the usage of the space. The fewer lights that are controlled by an individual sensor the greater the energy saved, however, there is less cost saving on the energy to offset the cost of the sensor. Therefore, there is a graduated scale of adjustment factors for the area of lights controlled.
For lecture theatres, auditoria and large spaces of transient usage, the contribution of detectors should be assessed using an Performance Solution rather than the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions.
Worked example 1 of J6.2(b)(i):
Worked example 1 of J6.2(b)(i):
Consider a small laboratory of 5 m by 7 m, i.e. 35 m2. It is 2.6 m high. It has an aggregate design illumination power load (load for all light fittings) of 500 W which includes all ballasts.
From Table J6.2a, the maximum illumination power density for a laboratory is 12 W/m2.
From note 3 under Table J6.2a, the Room Aspect Ratio is 35 / (2.6 x 24), i.e. 0.56 which is less that the 1.5 threshold in the note.
| Therefore the adjustment factor for Room Aspect is: | |
| 0.5 + (Room Aspect Ratio / 3) | |
| = | 0.5 + (0.56 / 3) |
| = | 0.69. |
| Therefore the maximum illumination power density adjusted for room aspect is: | |
| = | 12 / 0.69. |
| = | 17.4 W/m2 |
| This results in an illumination power load allowance of 609 W (i.e 35 m2 x 17.4 W/m2). | |
| As the aggregate design illumination power load is 500 W, the design complies because the value is less than the allowance of 609 W |
Worked example 2 of J6.2(b)(i)
Consider a conference room of 3 m by 10 m, i.e. 30 m2 with a full height window along the 10 m length. It has an aggregate design illumination power load (load for all light fittings) of 500 W which includes all ballasts and it has a motion detector and a daylight sensor/dynamic lighting control device which operates all of the lights.
From Table J6.2a, the maximum illumination power density for a conference room is 10 W/m2.
From Table J6.2b the illumination power density adjustment factor for a manually operated dimmer is 0.95 and a daylight sensor/dynamic lighting control device is 0.5.
From note 6 under Table J6.2b, the combined adjustment factor for controls is:
| = | 0.5 x ( 0.95 + [ (1 - 0.95) / 2 ] ) |
| = | 0.5 x 0.98 |
| = | 0.49 |
| Therefore the maximum illumination power density is: | |
| = | 10 / 0.49 |
| = | 20.4 W/m2 |
| This results in an illumination power load allowance of 612 W (i.e 30 m2 x 20.4 W/m2) | |
| As the aggregate design illumination power load is 500 W, the design complies because the value is less than the allowance of 612 W. |
J6.3 Interior artificial lighting and power control
(a)
Artificial lighting of a room or space must be individually operated by a switch or other control device.
(b)
An occupant activated device, such as a room security device, a motion detector in accordance with Specification J6, or the like, must be provided in the sole-occupancy unit of a Class 3 building, other than where providing accommodation for people with a disability or the aged, to cut power to the artificial lighting, air-conditioner, local exhaust fans and bathroom heater when the sole-occupancy unit is unoccupied.
(c)
An artificial lighting switch or other control device in (a) must—
(i)
if an artificial lighting switch, be located in a visible position—
(A)
in the room or space being switched; or
(B)
in an adjacent room or space from where the lighting being switched is visible; and
(ii)
for other than a single functional space such as an auditorium, theatre, swimming pool, sporting stadium or warehouse—
(A)
not operate lighting for an area of more than 250 m2 if in a Class 5 building or a Class 8 laboratory; or
(B)
not operate lighting for an area of more than—
(aa)
250 m2 for a space of not more than 2000 m2; or
(bb)
1000 m2 for a space of more than 2000 m2,
if in a Class 3, 6, 7, 8 (other than a laboratory) or 9 building.
(d)
95% of the light fittings in a building or storey of a building, other than a Class 2 or 3 building or a Class 4 part of a building, of more than 250 m2 must be controlled by—
(i)
a time switch in accordance with Specification J6; or
(ii)
an occupant sensing device such as—
(A)
a security key card reader that registers a person entering and leaving the building; or
(B)
a motion detector in accordance with Specification J6.
(e)
In a Class 5, 6 or 8 building of more than 250 m2, artificial lighting in a natural lighting zone adjacent to windows must be separately controlled from artificial lighting not in a natural lighting zone in the same storey except where—
(i)
the room containing the natural lighting zone is less than 20 m2; or
(ii)
the room's natural lighting zone contains less than 4 luminaires; or
(iii)
70% or more of the luminaires in the room are in the natural lighting zone.
(f)
The requirements of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) do not apply to the following:
(i)
Emergency lighting in accordance with Part E4.
(ii)
Where artificial lighting is needed for 24 hour occupancy such as for a manufacturing process, parts of a hospital, an airport control tower or within a detention centre.
(g)
The requirements of (d) do not apply to the following:
(i)
Artificial lighting in a space where the sudden loss of artificial lighting would cause an unsafe situation such as in a patient care area in a Class 9a building or in a Class 9c building.
(ii)
A heater where the heater also emits light, such as in bathrooms.
Intent
To set the minimum requirements for switches and other lighting control devices.
The lighting control requirements are directed at enabling occupants to save energy on lighting and power when the space is not occupied or the service is not needed.
requires each room or space to be individually switched or controlled. This is to ensure that when lighting to a small area is required, lighting to a larger area is not also activated.
requires that an occupant activated device be installed in a sole-occupancy unit of a Class 3 building, based on the likelihood that guests may not switch off the power when leaving the room.
This power includes the lighting, air-conditioning, exhaust fans and bathroom heating when the room is not occupied. The control device is not detailed so the requirements can be met by various systems such as a security device like a room key slot at the door, a motion detector, or any device or system that can monitor the occupancy of the unit. For the purpose of applying this provision, occupancy should be taken as the physical presence of people in the room rather than having someone registered or checked into the unit.
requires lighting to be locally switched from a position that is visible in the room or in an adjacent room. If the controls are in an adjacent room, then the lighting that is controlled must be visible from the switching position. This is to reduce the possibility of lighting being left on in unoccupied areas because it cannot be seen.
Most buildings are required to have local control of the lighting in manageable blocks. This is to avoid the situation where a large area of lighting has to be switched on when only a small area is required, simply because there is no subdivision of the switching area. Buildings with lighting that is likely to be totally on or totally off, such as a theatre or swimming pool, are exempted.
requires a non-residential building or storey (i.e. other than a sole-occupancy unit in a Class 2 or 3 and Class 4 part) over 250 m2 to have controls to prevent most of the lighting being left on 24 hours a day. This can be a time switch or occupancy sensor. The time switching has to comply with . Simple manual override switches or bypass switches are not allowed as they give the ability to permanently disable the control. The time switch control does not preclude the need for local control.
applies to only certain buildings and specifically to switching the lights near windows.
J6.4 Interior decorative and display lighting
(a)
Interior decorative and display lighting, such as for a foyer mural or art display, must be controlled—
(i)
separately from other artificial lighting; and
(ii)
by a manual switch for each area other than when the operating times of the displays are the same in a number of areas such as in a museum, art gallery or the like, in which case they may be combined; and
(iii)
by a time switch in accordance with Specification J6 where the display lighting exceeds 1 kW.
(b)
Window display lighting must be controlled separately from other display lighting.
Intent
To set the minimum requirements for controlling decorative and display lighting.
These are additional control requirements for decorative and display lighting as distinct from those for other artificial lighting in a space.
J6.5 Artificial lighting around the perimeter of a building
(a)
Artificial lighting around the perimeter of a building, must—
(i)
be controlled by—
(A)
a daylight sensor; or
(B)
a time switch that is capable of switching on and off electric power to the system at variable pre-programmed times and on variable pre-programmed days; and
(ii)
when the total perimeter lighting load exceeds 100 W—
(A)
have an average light source efficacy of not less than 60 Lumens/W; or
(B)
be controlled by a motion detector in accordance with Specification J6; and
(iii)
when used for decorative purposes, such as facade lighting or signage lighting, have a separate time switch in accordance with Specification J6.
(b)
The requirements of (a)(ii) do not apply to the following:
(i)
Emergency lighting in accordance with Part E4.
(ii)
Lighting around a detention centre.
Intent
To set the minimum requirements for exterior artificial lighting.
It is not practical to apply illumination power density to external lighting in the same way as it has been applied to internal lighting because it is difficult to define the relevant area for all situations. The requirements are therefore aimed at ensuring efficient light sources are used or that the lighting only operates when it is required.
All external lighting must be controlled by either a daylight sensor or time switch. When the external lights have a significant load (i.e. more than 100 W), they must also have an average light source efficacy of not less than 60 Lumens/W or be controlled by a motion detector.
J6.6 Boiling water and chilled water storage units
Power supply to a boiling water or chilled water storage unit must be controlled by a time switch in accordance with Specification J6.
Intent
To set the minimum requirements for controlling boiling water and chilled water storage units.
A time switch is required for boiling water and chilled water storage units that continually maintain water at temperature because they can waste energy overnight and during weekends. This clause is not intended to apply to units that heat or chill water as it is being drawn off.